Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Propagation of Waves01:07

Propagation of Waves

When a wave propagates from one medium to another, part of it may get reflected in the first medium, and part of it may get transmitted to the second medium. In such a case, the interface of the two mediums can be considered as a boundary that is neither fixed nor free.
Consider a scenario where a wave propagates from a string of low linear mass density to a string of high linear mass density. In such a case, the reflected wave is out of phase with respect to the incident wave, however the...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
Interference and Superposition of Waves01:07

Interference and Superposition of Waves

When two waves of the same nature occur in the same region simultaneously, they result in interference. Interference of waves implies that the net effect of the waves is the sum of the individual waves' effects. However, it does not imply that the individual waves affect the propagation of other waves.
Interference occurs in mechanical waves, such as sound waves, waves on a string, and surface water waves. Mechanical waves correspond to the physical displacement of particles. Hence,...
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Propagation Speed of Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves are consistent with Ampere's law. Assuming there is no conduction current Ampere's law is given as:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seeds accelerate germination at beneficial planting depths by sensing the sound of rain.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

From Sketch to Reality: Enabling High-Quality, Cross-Category 3D Model Generation From Free-Hand Sketches With Minimal Data.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same author

A Shape-Recoverable Aerogel With Lowered Surface Energy for Highly Efficient Solar Steam Generation.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Replay Master: Automatic Sample Selection and Effective Memory Utilization for Continual Semantic Segmentation.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2025
Same author

From Air to Wear: Personalized 3D Digital Fashion With AR/VR Immersive 3D Sketching.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2025
Same author

PanopticNeRF-360: Panoramic 3D-to-2D Label Transfer in Urban Scenes.

IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method
08:42

Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method

Published on: September 3, 2021

Temporal coherence after multiple forward scattering through random three-dimensional inhomogeneities in an ocean

Tianrun Chen1, Purnima Ratilal, Nicholas C Makris

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers derived an analytical expression for acoustic temporal coherence in ocean waveguides. This model explains acoustic field fluctuations and their relation to internal waves in long-range ocean acoustics.

More Related Videos

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method
08:42

Measurement of the Directional Information Flow in fNIRS-Hyperscanning Data using the Partial Wavelet Transform Coherence Method

Published on: September 3, 2021

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
10:39

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating

Published on: October 11, 2016

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Ocean acoustics
  • Wave propagation
  • Statistical physics

Background:

  • Understanding acoustic field fluctuations is crucial for long-range underwater communication and sensing.
  • Ocean waveguides are complex environments with inhomogeneities affecting sound propagation.
  • Previous models often simplified scattering processes, limiting predictive power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive an analytical expression for temporal coherence of acoustic fields after multiple forward scattering.
  • To establish a link between oceanographic parameters and acoustic coherence time scales.
  • To explain observed acoustic field fluctuations in deep ocean experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of an analytical expression for temporal coherence.
  • Modeling multiple forward scattering through 3D random ocean inhomogeneities.
  • Analysis of acoustic Fresnel width and internal wave coherence length.

Main Results:

  • The derived expression predicts coherence time scales from oceanographic data.
  • A non-linear relationship was found between acoustic field fluctuation time scales and internal wave coherence time scales.
  • Three-dimensional scattering effects become significant when acoustic Fresnel width exceeds internal wave coherence length.

Conclusions:

  • The model explains acoustic field fluctuations observed at megameter ranges.
  • The study highlights the impact of 3D scattering on long-range acoustic transmissions.
  • This work provides insights into frequency and range-dependent power losses in acoustic fields.