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Environmental DNA Sampling from Whale-Watching Vessels for Cetacean Monitoring
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Bowhead whale springtime song off West Greenland.

Kathleen M Stafford1, Sue E Moore, Kristin L Laidre

  • 1Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington (APL-UW), 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study details bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) songs recorded in West Greenland. Complex and simple songs were observed, suggesting vocalizations occur in both Disko Bay and Baffin Bay.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Mammal Bioacoustics
  • Arctic Wildlife Research

Background:

  • Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) songs are crucial for understanding their social behavior and communication.
  • Previous descriptions of bowhead whale song elements provide a basis for new analyses.
  • The eastern Arctic is a key region for bowhead whale populations, yet springtime vocalizations remain understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the characteristics of bowhead whale songs recorded in Disko Bay, West Greenland.
  • To investigate the potential for song production in other Arctic regions during winter.
  • To contribute to the understanding of bowhead whale communication and social dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Deployed sonobuoys for 59 hours over seven days in April 2007 to record bowhead whale vocalizations.
  • Defined song elements using established protocols for bowhead whale song analysis.
  • Utilized digital audio tape recorders and a dipping hydrophone to capture faint song elements and simple calls.

Main Results:

  • Recorded three distinct bowhead whale songs in Disko Bay, with two being complex and frequently repeated, and one being simpler.
  • Detected faint song elements and simple calls in Baffin Bay, suggesting winter song production in this area.
  • Songs were recorded in an area predominantly inhabited by adult female bowhead whales.

Conclusions:

  • The findings represent the first detailed description of springtime bowhead whale songs in the eastern Arctic.
  • The presence of complex songs, even in areas with a high proportion of females, raises questions about their function.
  • Further research is needed to determine the sex of singing whales and the role of songs in bowhead whale social behavior, potentially analogous to humpback whale mating songs.