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Related Concept Videos

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors01:41

Signal Sequences and Sorting Receptors

Signal sequences are short amino acid sequences that guide newly synthesized proteins to their proper location within the cell. Classical signal sequences are fifteen to sixty amino acids long and present at the N-terminus of a polypeptide chain. Each signal sequence has a conserved segment of basic residues towards their N terminus, a hydrophobic core, and a C-terminus rich in polar residues. The C-terminus also contains a signal cleavage site and features a -3 -1 sequence motif. The -3-1...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
Cell Signaling Feedback Loops01:07

Cell Signaling Feedback Loops

Positive and negative feedback loops are crucial for regulating biological signaling systems. These feedback loops are processes that connect output signals to their inputs.
Negative feedback loops
Most signaling systems have negative feedback loops that can perform different functions such as output limiter, and adaptation.
Output limiter
Upon receiving an input signal, the cellular response rapidly increases until a threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, a negative feedback loop...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins
11:34

Exploring Sequence Space to Identify Binding Sites for Regulatory RNA-Binding Proteins

Published on: August 9, 2019

Satisfiability, sequence niches and molecular codes in cellular signalling.

C R Myers1

  • 1Cornell University, Computational Biology Service Unit, Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Ithaca, NY, USA. crm17@cornell.edu

IET Systems Biology
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological signaling networks face crosstalk due to imprecise molecular recognition. This study reveals intrinsic limits to reliable cell communication when proteins compete for sequence space, impacting signaling fidelity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Systems biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular information processing relies on molecular interactions within regulatory and signaling networks.
  • Specificity is crucial for distinguishing signals, yet molecular recognition is often imprecise, leading to crosstalk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intrinsic limits of reliable signaling in biological systems.
  • To analyze how protein competition for sequence space affects crosstalk and network viability.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simplified model for biomolecular interactions.
  • Examination of a neutral network of viable solutions under increasing protein competition.
  • Analysis of phase transitions in constraint satisfaction problems and coding theory.

Main Results:

  • A sharp onset of crosstalk was observed as proteins compete for sequence space.
  • Fragmentation of the neutral network of viable solutions was identified.
  • Intrinsic limits to reliable signaling in the presence of molecular promiscuity were revealed.

Conclusions:

  • Imprecise molecular recognition imposes fundamental constraints on biological signaling fidelity.
  • The findings connect biomolecular network behavior to concepts in statistical physics and information theory.
  • Understanding these limits is crucial for comprehending cellular information processing and network robustness.