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Updated: Jun 27, 2026
Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases
Published on: March 11, 2016
Fluorangiographic study of the ocular fundus in normal horses
José M Molleda1, Isabel Cervantes, Alba Galán
1Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
Purpose:
To describe the protocol and appearance of fluorescein angiography (FA) in normal horses.
Animals:
A total of 25 healthy horses aged between 5 and 15 years.
Materials And Methods:
The horses were sedated with 15 microg/kg detomidine and 50 microg/kg butorphanol and dilated with topical tropicamide 1%. All angiograms were recorded after intravenous bolus injection of 10 mg/kg of fluorescein sodium solution.
Results:
Two successive angiographic phases could be discerned: the choriopapillary phase, starting at 46.95 +/- 9.48 s, and the retinal vascular phase, starting at 47.79 +/- 10.38 s. The retinal vascular phase was divided in three parts: filling phase, maximum fluorescence point, and fading phase. During the filling phase, the dye progressed into the retinal vessels, obtaining maximum fluorescence at 59.79 +/- 10.39 s, termed the maximum fluorescence point. The fading phase started immediately following the maximum fluorescence point. During this phase, vascular fluorescence decreased to complete reduction at 74.76 +/- 9.81 s. Also, areas of delayed choroidal filling, the presence of short retinal vessels in the ventral region of the optic disc, and a particular filling of the optic disc were also observed.
Conclusions:
The normal angiographic sequence was described in horses. FA may be a useful method for studying the integrity of the blood-retinal barriers in horses.
