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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Toxoplasmosis01:28

Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology
10:26

Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

New rabies virus variant in Mexican immigrant.

Andres Velasco-Villa1, Sharon L Messenger, Lillian A Orciari

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. dly3@cdc.gov

Emerging Infectious Diseases
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A new rabies virus strain was found in a patient who traveled from Mexico to the USA. Genetic analysis revealed the virus likely came from insectivorous bats, not the carnivores the patient encountered.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Rabies virus poses a significant public health threat globally.
  • Human rabies cases are rare in the United States but can occur following exposure to infected animals.
  • The origin of rabies virus strains can be diverse, including domestic animals, wildlife, and potentially bats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel rabies virus strain.
  • To determine the epidemiological links and potential reservoirs of the identified rabies virus.
  • To assess the implications for public health surveillance and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Post-mortem case investigation and sample collection.
  • Molecular characterization of the rabies virus, including sequencing of key genes.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to determine the evolutionary relationship of the virus to known strains.
  • Review of patient's travel history and potential exposure risks.

Main Results:

  • A novel rabies virus variant was identified in a deceased patient who immigrated from Oaxaca, Mexico, to California, USA.
  • Molecular and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the virus strain originated from insectivorous bats.
  • The identified virus strain differed from those typically associated with domestic or wild carnivore exposures.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight the potential for rabies virus transmission from unexpected reservoirs, such as insectivorous bats.
  • Enhanced rabies surveillance, particularly in regions with bat populations and human migration, is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the role of insectivorous bats as potential reservoirs for rabies virus in this region.