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Related Concept Videos

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation01:19

Aldehydes and Ketones with Alcohols: Hemiacetal Formation

Similar to water, alcohols can add to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehydes and ketones. The addition of one molecule of alcohol to the carbonyl compound forms the hemiacetal or half acetal. As depicted below, in a hemiacetal, the carbon is directly linked to an OH and OR group.
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis01:12

Acid Halides to Esters: Alcoholysis

Alcoholysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction in which an alcohol functions as a nucleophile. Acid halides react with alcohol to produce esters. The mechanism proceeds in three steps:
Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation01:03

Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation

Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However, intramolecular dehydration...

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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
05:12

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Acute alcohol intoxication.

Luisa Vonghia1, Lorenzo Leggio, Anna Ferrulli

  • 1Institute of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Rome, Italy.

European Journal of Internal Medicine
|December 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute alcohol intoxication presents diverse health effects and requires emergency care. Metadoxine aids in faster ethanol excretion, while detecting alcohol-related disorders is crucial for long-term treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Published on: June 23, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Acute alcohol intoxication is a serious condition with varied effects on multiple organ systems.
  • Management typically occurs in emergency departments, focusing on immediate patient stabilization.
  • Heterogeneous clinical manifestations include behavioral, cardiac, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, neurological, and metabolic disturbances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation and emergency management of acute alcohol intoxication.
  • To highlight the role of metadoxine in accelerating ethanol excretion.
  • To emphasize the importance of identifying alcohol-related disorders for comprehensive treatment planning.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations and management strategies for acute alcohol intoxication.
  • Discussion of metadoxine's pharmacological action in ethanol metabolism.
  • Emphasis on diagnostic assessment for co-occurring alcohol-related disorders.

Main Results:

  • Acute alcohol intoxication affects multiple organ systems, necessitating emergency intervention.
  • Metadoxine demonstrates efficacy in accelerating the body's clearance of ethanol.
  • Early detection of alcohol-related disorders is key for effective, personalized treatment pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Emergency care for acute alcohol intoxication focuses on clinical stabilization.
  • Metadoxine offers a therapeutic option to expedite ethanol excretion.
  • Referral to specialized alcohol treatment units is vital for addressing underlying alcohol-related disorders.