[HIV-related multiple non-Hodgkin lymphomas].

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is associated with an increased risk of various cancers, particularly lymphomas.
• Concurrent diagnoses of multiple distinct lymphomas in HIV-positive individuals present complex clinical challenges.
• The interplay between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immunosuppression, and lymphomagenesis requires further elucidation.

Observation:

• A 35-year-old HIV-positive male presented with persistent fatigue and low-grade fever.
• The patient was diagnosed with concurrent gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and renal anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL).
• Despite initial treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the CHOP regimen, the patient experienced recurrent fever and developed a new subcutaneous lesion.

Findings:

• Biopsy of the subcutaneous lesion confirmed null cell ALCL, indicating the development of multiple lymphomas in this patient.
• The case demonstrates a complex presentation of double lymphomas in the context of advanced HIV/AIDS.
• Treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and chemotherapy (CHOP) provided only transient improvement.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential for low immunity in AIDS patients to promote the generation of multiple, distinct cancers.
• It highlights the challenges in managing aggressive lymphomas in immunocompromised individuals.
• Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms driving multiple lymphomagenesis in the setting of HIV and to optimize treatment strategies.