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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly

Published on: March 11, 2022

Versatility of a second toe plantar flap.

Naohiro Kimura¹

¹Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Fujigaoka Hospital, Showa University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. k-now@mc.neweb.ne.jp

Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

|December 3, 2008

Summary

The second toe plantar flap offers a viable option for reconstructing fingertip and digital defects, with generally acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes. While minor donor site complications like arterial insufficiency can occur, this neurocutaneous flap presents minimal morbidity for various digit reconstructions.

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Area of Science:

Plastic Surgery
Reconstructive Surgery
Microsurgery

Background:

The second toe plantar flap was introduced a decade ago for fingertip defect reconstruction.
A comprehensive follow-up assessment of this reconstructive technique has been lacking.

Observation:

This study evaluates the clinical application of the second toe plantar flap over eight years.
Two reconstruction methods were employed: onychocutaneous flap combination (12 cases) and sole transfers (15 cases).
Functional and aesthetic outcomes were assessed for 27 reconstructions.

Findings:

Thirteen of 27 reconstructions proceeded without complications.
Two cases experienced arterial insufficiency at the donor toe.
Functional and aesthetic results for the uncomplicated cases were deemed acceptable, with minimal donor site morbidity.

Implications:

The second toe plantar flap is a versatile option for distal palmar and diverse digital skin defects.
Potential arterial insufficiency of the pedicle is a critical consideration during clinical application.
This flap offers a reconstructive solution with low donor site morbidity.