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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
02:22

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection

Published on: April 12, 2024

[Non-chondromatous hamartoma].

T Okubo1, T Shimazaki, G Shindo

  • 1Department of Surgery, Ebetsu City Hospital, Ebetsu, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|December 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A rare case of non-chondromatous hamartoma, a benign lung tumor, was diagnosed in a 69-year-old female presenting with dyspnea. Surgical intervention confirmed the diagnosis, highlighting its importance in differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.

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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Full-Endoscopic Surgery for Hypothalamic Hamartoma Resection
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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification

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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Published on: May 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pulmonary nodules require accurate diagnosis to differentiate benign from malignant conditions.
  • Non-chondromatous hamartomas are rare benign lung tumors that can present as pulmonary nodules.

Observation:

  • A 69-year-old female presented with dyspnea and an 8 mm subpleural nodule in the right lower lobe on imaging.
  • Standard diagnostic workup including CT, bronchoscopy, and other imaging modalities was inconclusive.
  • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed due to suspicion of malignancy.

Findings:

  • Pathological examination confirmed the nodule as a non-chondromatous hamartoma.
  • This diagnosis was established after excluding other possibilities and surgical resection.

Implications:

  • Non-chondromatous hamartoma should be included in the differential diagnosis for pulmonary nodules.
  • This case underscores the importance of surgical diagnosis for indeterminate pulmonary nodules.
  • Rare lung tumors necessitate a broad differential and thorough diagnostic approach.