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Kv3.3 immunoreactivity in the vestibular nuclear complex of the rat with focus on the medial vestibular nucleus: targeting of Kv3.3 neurones by terminals positive for vesicular glutamate transporter 1.

Brain research·2010
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Method for Tracking the Time Evolution of Steady-State Evoked Potentials
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Bone conduction auditory steady state response: investigations into reducing artifact.

Ruth Elizabeth Brooke1, Siobhan Katharine Brennan, John Chester Stevens

  • 1Academic Unit of Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, The School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.

Ear and Hearing
|December 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Electromagnetic artifact can contaminate bone conduction auditory steady state responses (ASSRs). Careful equipment setup, specific sampling rates, and grounded shielding effectively reduce artifact in ASSR recordings.

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Auditory steady state responses (ASSRs) are vital for estimating hearing thresholds in neonates.
  • Bone conduction ASSRs are susceptible to electromagnetic artifact, potentially misinterpreting results.
  • Reducing artifact is crucial for accurate ASSR interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate electromagnetic artifact in bone conduction ASSRs.
  • Identify methods to reduce artifact amplitude in ASSR recordings.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a patient simulation with the MASTER system for bone conduction ASSR recordings.
  • Tested stimuli at various carrier frequencies (500-4000 Hz) and modulation rates (83-95 Hz).
  • Evaluated effects of equipment layout, analog-to-digital conversion rates, and transducer cable/transducer screening with grounding.

Main Results:

  • Artifacts observed at modulation rates for 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz carrier frequencies.
  • Artifact amplitude correlated with stimulus intensity and was dependent on sampling rates (1000/2000 Hz vs. 1250/1600 Hz).
  • Grounded mu-metal screening of transducer and cable significantly reduced artifact below background noise levels.

Conclusions:

  • Artifactual signals can mimic ASSRs, especially with specific carrier frequencies and sampling rates.
  • Proper equipment layout and grounded screening are effective in minimizing stimulus artifact.
  • Accurate bone conduction ASSR interpretation requires diligent artifact reduction strategies.