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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Yellow Fever01:18

Yellow Fever

Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. It is transmitted primarily by Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and South America. After transmission through a mosquito bite, the virus initially replicates in skin-resident immune cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages. These cells then migrate to the lymph nodes, where viral replication increases, eventually leading to...
Jaundice01:25

Jaundice

Jaundice, or icterus, is the yellow discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes. It happens when plasma bilirubin levels rise above 2.5-3 mg/dL, leading to bilirubin deposition in tissue.Bilirubin is a byproduct of hemoglobin degradation. In macrophages, hemoglobin breaks down into globin and heme. Globin is converted into amino acids, while heme is turned into biliverdin by heme oxygenase, which is then reduced to unconjugated bilirubin by biliverdin reductase.Unconjugated...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

Published on: June 26, 2020

[Hepatitis E: a Third World's hepatitis found in Belgium].

M Seivert1, J Belaiche, J Delwaide

  • 1Université de Liège, Belgique.

Revue Medicale De Liege
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a global health concern, causing acute viral hepatitis. While preventable through hygiene, HEV poses significant risks, especially to pregnant women, and a new vaccine shows promise.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Hepatology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis globally, transmitted via the oral-fecal route.
  • HEV presents in epidemic and endemic forms, with industrialized nations increasingly seeing cases linked to zoonotic transmission from swine.
  • Infection poses severe risks, particularly fulminant hepatic failure (1-4% mortality), with a critical 20% mortality rate in third-trimester pregnancies.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic challenges.
  • To highlight the limitations in HEV diagnosis and treatment accessibility, especially in regions like Belgium.
  • To discuss current prophylactic strategies and emerging vaccine research for HEV.

Summary:

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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks

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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

  • HEV is a widespread cause of viral hepatitis, with zoonotic transmission from swine becoming more prevalent.
  • Severe outcomes include fulminant hepatic failure, with high mortality in pregnant women.
  • Diagnosis relies on serology, but RT-PCR is the gold standard, though not widely available.
  • Preventive measures like hygiene and sewage treatment are crucial, and a novel vaccine is under development.

    • Impact:

    • Emphasizes the public health importance of HEV, necessitating improved diagnostic and preventive strategies.
    • Underscores the need for wider accessibility of advanced diagnostic tools like RT-PCR for HEV.
    • Highlights the potential of prophylactic measures and upcoming vaccines to mitigate HEV's global health burden.