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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Introduction to Hemostasis01:05

Introduction to Hemostasis

Hemostasis is a complex physiological process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. It's crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system, as it ensures that our blood remains fluid while still within the vascular network and yet clots to prevent blood loss upon vessel injury.
The three phases of hemostasis involve many clotting factors present in plasma and several substances released by platelets and injured tissue cells. It is a fast, localized, and...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Surface Engineering of Pancreatic Islets with a Heparinized StarPEG Nanocoating
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Published on: June 23, 2018

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia.

S Gupta1, M M Gupta

  • 1SDM Hospital, Jaipur.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune reaction to heparin therapy, causing platelet activation and potentially life-threatening thrombosis. Diagnosis involves thrombocytopenia, HIT antibodies, and clinical assessment, with treatment requiring heparin withdrawal and alternative anticoagulation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a severe complication of heparin treatment.
  • It is an immune-mediated condition triggered by heparin-platelet factor 4 complexes.
  • HIT can lead to significant venous and arterial thromboembolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the pathophysiology of HIT.
  • To describe the clinical manifestations of HIT.
  • To detail diagnostic criteria and management strategies for HIT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
  • Analysis of diagnostic markers including thrombocytopenia and HIT antibodies.
  • Evaluation of clinical outcomes following heparin cessation and alternative anticoagulation.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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A Uniform Shear Assay for Human Platelet and Cell Surface Receptors via Cone-plate Viscometry

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11:17

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

Main Results:

  • HIT develops typically 5-14 days after heparin initiation.
  • HIT antibodies activate platelets, promoting thrombosis.
  • Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic thrombocytopenia to severe thromboembolic events like DVT, PE, MI, and CVA.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis requires a combination of thrombocytopenia, HIT antibodies, and clinical presentation.
  • Management involves immediate heparin discontinuation and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulants.
  • Alternative anticoagulants include lepirudin, argatroban, and danaparoid, with selection based on availability and cost.