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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue, improving...
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...
Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula01:29

Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula

Oxygen therapy is critical to patient care, especially for those struggling with respiratory issues. This intervention increases the oxygen concentration in the lungs, enhancing the amount of oxygen transported to the body's tissues. One standard method of delivering supplemental oxygen is through a nasal cannula, a non-invasive device that provides low to medium oxygen concentrations.
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils, connected...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
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Published on: May 4, 2021

[Inhaled nitric oxide therapy].

Kazufumi Okamoto1, Masatomo Kitamura, Tadashi Kikuchi

  • 1Department of Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy can improve pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia in critical care. This review discusses its current applications and benefits for critically ill patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Emergency and critical care settings frequently admit patients with life-threatening pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia.
  • These conditions can be exacerbated by trauma, surgery, and infections.
  • Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy is a potential treatment modality in these scenarios.

Purpose:

  • To review the current status and applications of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy.
  • To discuss the physiological effects of inhaled NO based on basic research.
  • To provide a perspective on inhaled NO therapy from an emergency and critical care physician's viewpoint.

Summary:

  • Inhaled NO therapy involves administering NO gas to improve pulmonary hypertension and ventilation-perfusion inequality.
  • Basic studies indicate inhaled NO can decrease pulmonary capillary pressure, reduce vascular permeability, and inhibit leukocyte and platelet aggregation.
  • It may also mitigate hypertensive pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Impact:

  • Inhaled NO therapy shows promise in managing critical conditions involving pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia.
  • Understanding its mechanisms and clinical applications is crucial for emergency and critical care physicians.
  • Further research and clinical integration can enhance patient outcomes in severe respiratory and cardiovascular emergencies.