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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:31

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax muscle tone and alleviate painful muscle contractions. However, the choice of skeletal muscle relaxants depends on the duration of the surgical procedure in order to minimize potential side effects. Skeletal muscle relaxants like neuromuscular blocking agents [NMBAs] are commonly employed as adjuvants alongside general anesthetics in clinical settings. NMBAs are also used to maintain controlled ventilation during surgery of the larynx or pharynx as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
05:39

Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

Published on: May 26, 2023

Thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) analgesia.

Felicia Cox1, Angela Cousins

  • 1Pain Management Service, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Harefield UB9 6JH. f.cox@rbht.nhs.uk

Journal of Perioperative Practice
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thoracic paravertebral analgesia offers safe and effective pain management after surgery. This technique, often requiring supplemental analgesia, provides an alternative to epidural anesthesia, especially for anticoagulated patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pain Management
  • Surgical Care

Background:

  • Paravertebral blockade is a recognized method for managing acute surgical pain.
  • It can be administered via single injection or catheter for continuous local anesthetic delivery.
  • This analgesia method is often used adjunctively with other pain management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of thoracic paravertebral analgesia.
  • To discuss analgesic choices and potential side effects.
  • To offer recommendations for patient care during paravertebral analgesia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the technique for thoracic paravertebral blockade.
  • Discussion of anesthetic agents and adjunct therapies.
  • Consideration of patient monitoring and care protocols.

Main Results:

  • Paravertebral blockade is effective for intraoperative and postoperative pain.
  • Catheter insertion allows for prolonged analgesia.
  • It is considered safer than epidural analgesia in anticoagulated patients.
  • Risk of local anesthetic toxicity is a consideration.

Conclusions:

  • Thoracic paravertebral analgesia is a valuable technique for surgical pain management.
  • Careful patient selection and monitoring are essential.
  • Further research into patient care protocols is warranted.