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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Diffusion tensor imaging of hemispheric asymmetries in the developing brain.

Elisabeth A Wilde1, Stephen R McCauley, Zili Chu

  • 1Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Alliance of Baylor College of Medicine and the University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ewilde@bcm.edu

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|December 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) revealed significant structural brain differences between the left and right hemispheres in children. These asymmetries, particularly in temporal and frontal lobes, varied by sex and impacted cognitive functions like reading and math skills.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Understanding brain structure-function relationships is crucial for child development.
  • Hemispheric specialization and asymmetries are key aspects of brain organization.
  • Factors like age, sex, and socioeconomic status may influence brain development and cognitive abilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural hemispheric differences in children using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).
  • To examine the influence of age, socioeconomic status, and sex on these brain asymmetries.
  • To explore the relationship between DTI-derived asymmetries and cognitive performance in relation to sex.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted on 39 right-handed children.
  • Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were analyzed.
  • Statistical analyses examined regional differences, age, sex, socioeconomic status, and cognitive correlations.

Main Results:

  • Left hemisphere regions (temporal, prefrontal, internal capsule, thalamus) showed smaller apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to the right.
  • Left hemisphere regions (internal capsule, thalamus, cingulate) exhibited larger fractional anisotropy (FA) values than the right.
  • Significant sex-by-region interactions indicated that DTI asymmetries' relation to cognitive performance (reading comprehension, applied math) was sex-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Children exhibit distinct structural hemispheric differences detectable by DTI.
  • These brain asymmetries are influenced by sex, impacting cognitive functions differently between boys and girls.
  • DTI provides valuable insights into neurodevelopmental trajectories and sex-based variations in brain-cognition links.