Neutral nickel(II) and copper(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complexes as molecular rods attached to gold electrodes

New dithiolated derivatives of neutral Cu(II) and Ni(II) tetraazamacrocyclic complexes have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and diffractional methods. These rod-shaped molecules were assembled in monocomponent and mixed monolayers on gold electrodes. In the mixed monolayers, the active molecules were embedded in a hexanethiol matrix. The dithiolated complexes are oriented perpendicularly to the electrode, and reveal faster kinetics of electron transfer than those assembled in a single-component monolayer. They appear as protrusions, which are easily addressed by using the STM method. In the presence of a suitable electron acceptor in the solution, the donor properties of the anchored Cu complex were weakened, which revealed donor-acceptor interactions with the monolayer. The peak position in the voltammogram indicates a stronger interaction of the solution-based acceptor with the reduced Cu(II) form than with the Cu(III) complex. This suggests the possibility of switching the association on or off by applying an appropriate potential.