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Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug Concentrations: Measurements

Drug concentration is the quantity of a drug present in a biological sample. Measuring drug amounts in biological samples allows the clinician to understand how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted. Samples can be obtained through invasive or non-invasive methods. Invasive techniques involve surgical or parenteral interventions to gather blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissue biopsy. Conversely, non-invasive approaches provide samples like urine, feces, and saliva.
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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Measuring and modifying hospital drug use.

G M Eckert¹, L L Ioannides-Demos, A J McLean

¹St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW.

The Medical Journal of Australia

|May 6, 1991

Summary

Simple methods effectively measure medicinal drug use in hospitals, enabling significant improvements in prescribing patterns with limited resources. This study highlights practical strategies for drug usage modification in Australian teaching hospitals.

Area of Science:

Pharmacoeconomics
Health Services Research
Clinical Pharmacy

Background:

Hospitals utilize diverse methods to quantify medicinal drug use, varying in clinical specificity, complexity, and cost.
Numerous strategies exist for modifying established prescribing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate drug use measurement and prescribing pattern modification techniques.
Utilize 15 years of practice data from three Australian teaching hospitals for illustration.

Main Methods:

Outline methods for measuring and modifying drug usage across three hospitals.
Present 12 drug-specific examples detailing detection, intervention, and alteration strategies.
Evaluate intervention effectiveness and cost-efficiency.

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Last Updated: Jul 26, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

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Published on: June 11, 2012

Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC- and Non-PVC-based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump

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Published on: March 11, 2017

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Published on: August 30, 2018

Main Results:

Accessible, low-cost quantitative methods yield valuable data for study planning.
Strategic resource allocation can substantially alter prescribing patterns.

Conclusions:

Cost-effective measurement tools provide essential information for optimizing drug use.
Targeted interventions can significantly improve prescribing practices with efficient resource utilization.