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Variations in host genes encoding adhesion molecules and susceptibility to falciparum malaria in India

Swapnil Sinha1, Tabish Qidwai, Kanika Kanchan

  • 1Division of Molecular and Structural Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Post box 173, Chattar Manzil, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, India. swaps.gene@gmail.com

Malaria Journal
|December 6, 2008
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Genetic variations in ICAM1, PECAM1, and CD36 influence Plasmodium falciparum malaria severity. Specific SNPs in ICAM1 and CD36 increase malaria risk, while others offer protection, with PECAM1 showing region-dependent effects.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Host adhesion molecules are crucial in Plasmodium falciparum malaria pathogenesis.
  • Genetic variations in these molecules can affect infection outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in ICAM1, PECAM1, and CD36 genes with falciparum malaria severity.
  • To compare these associations in malaria-endemic and non-endemic regions of India.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of seven selected SNPs in ICAM1, PECAM1, and CD36 across 552 individuals from 24 Indian populations.
  • Case-control study design for SNP-disease association analysis.
  • Utilized Sequenom mass spectroscopy and SNaPshot for genotyping, PHASE for haplotypes, Haploview for LD plots, and EpiInfo for Odds Ratio estimation.

Main Results:

  • The ICAM1 rs5498 (exon 6) G allele and CD36 exon 1a A allele were associated with increased severe malaria risk (OR=1.91, P=0.02; OR=2.66, P=0.0012).
  • The CD36 rs1334512 (-53) T allele/genotype showed protection against severe malaria (OR=0.37, P=0.004).
  • PECAM1 rs668 (exon 3) G allele acted as a risk factor in the endemic region but a protective factor in the non-endemic region.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic variations in ICAM1, PECAM1, and CD36 significantly impact falciparum malaria manifestation in India.
  • The PECAM1 exon 3 SNP demonstrates differential association with malaria risk depending on the endemicity of the region.

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