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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue
06:27

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Published on: July 30, 2018

Uric acid directly promotes human T-cell activation.

Ryan Webb1, Matlock Jeffries, Amr H Sawalha

  • 1Arthritis and Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|December 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

High uric acid levels directly activate T cells without antigen presentation, leading to increased CD70 expression. This finding offers new insights into immune responses in diseases like gouty arthritis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Elevated serum uric acid is linked to gout and kidney stones.
  • Uric acid crystals activate immune cells and enhance immune responses.
  • A hypothesis suggests uric acid may directly stimulate T cells independently of antigen presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the direct effect of uric acid on T cell activation.
  • To determine if uric acid can stimulate T cells without antigen presentation.

Main Methods:

  • Primary human T cells and Jurkat T cells were incubated with varying concentrations of uric acid.
  • T-cell activation markers (CD25, CD70) were analyzed using flow cytometry.
  • CD70 mRNA expression was measured in Jurkat T cells.

Main Results:

  • Uric acid directly activates primary human T cells, independent of antigen presentation.
  • Uric acid treatment led to overexpression of the costimulatory molecule CD70 in both primary and Jurkat T cells.
  • CD70 plays a crucial role in T cell-B cell interactions and antibody production.

Conclusions:

  • Uric acid directly promotes T-cell activation in an antigen-independent manner.
  • This novel finding may explain inflammatory mechanisms in gouty arthritis and other immune-mediated diseases.