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Gender difference in ability using the stretch-shortening cycle in the upper extremities.

Kazuyoshi Miyaguchi1, Shinichi Demura

  • 1Liberal Arts Education Center, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan. kazu1060@lapis.plala.or.jp

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research
|December 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Men athletes demonstrate superior stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) ability in upper extremities compared to women. A novel SSC index revealed significant gender differences, suggesting potential inferiority in women

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science
  • Sports Physiology

Background:

  • The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) ability in upper extremities is not well-understood, particularly regarding gender differences.
  • Investigating SSC ability is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and injury prevention in overhead and throwing athletes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable index for evaluating SSC ability during powerful elbow flexion.
  • To investigate potential gender-based differences in SSC ability in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-three male and 21 female athletes performed elbow flexion tasks under static relaxed (SR) and stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) conditions with a 20% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) load.
  • Muscle power was measured using a weight-loading method-based power measurement device.

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  • An SSC index was calculated as the difference in initial power output between the SSC and SR conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Peak power was significantly higher in men than in women for both conditions.
    • Peak power was lower in the SSC condition compared to the SR condition for both genders, indicating no potentiation effect on peak power.
    • Initial power was significantly higher in the SSC condition than in the SR condition for both genders.
    • The developed SSC index was significantly higher in men (50.1 +/- 12.4) than in women (32.1 +/- 23.2).
    • A large individual variability in SSC ability was observed among women.

    Conclusions:

    • The devised SSC index effectively quantifies SSC ability during elbow flexion.
    • Men athletes exhibit significantly greater SSC ability in the upper extremities compared to women athletes.
    • Women athletes may have an inferior capacity for utilizing the stretch-shortening cycle in upper extremity movements, warranting further investigation.