Abdominal compartment syndrome: A review.
Ana P C P Carlotti1, Werther B Carvalho
1Department of Pediatrics (APCPC), Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. carlotti@fmrp.usp.br
Summary
Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a severe condition resulting from elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). Early recognition and management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) are crucial to improve outcomes in critically ill children.
Area of Science:
- Critical Care Medicine
- Pediatric Surgery
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are life-threatening conditions.
- These conditions arise from elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and can lead to end-organ dysfunction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review consensus definitions of normal and pathologic intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).
- To summarize techniques for IAP measurement.
- To outline risk factors, pathophysiology, and management strategies for IAH and ACS.
Main Methods:
- A literature search was conducted on PubMed.
- Keywords included: ACS, IAH, IAP, and abdominal decompression.
Main Results:
- ACS is the progression of end-organ dysfunction due to untreated IAH.
- Reported incidence in critically ill children is 0.6%-4.7%, potentially under-recognized.
- High mortality (50%-60%) underscores the need for early IAP detection and treatment.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric intensivists require increased awareness of IAH and ACS recognition and management.
- Improved understanding and timely intervention are vital for better patient outcomes.
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