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Related Concept Videos

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane

Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of different...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
08:45

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration

Published on: May 26, 2016

Polymer-vesicle association.

Filipe E Antunes1, Eduardo F Marques, Maria G Miguel

  • 1Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores polymer-vesicle interactions, bridging a gap in understanding compared to polymer-micelle systems. It highlights how these associations create advanced gels with potential applications in colloid and biological sciences.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Forming Giant-sized Polymersomes Using Gel-assisted Rehydration
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Published on: May 26, 2016

In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth
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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Polymer-surfactant systems, particularly those involving surfactant micelles, are well-understood.
  • Polymer-vesicle systems, however, have received less physico-chemical attention.
  • This review aims to consolidate knowledge on polymer-vesicle interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of polymer-vesicle systems.
  • To bridge the knowledge gap between polymer-micelle and polymer-vesicle interactions.
  • To highlight the implications for colloid, biological, and applied sciences.

Main Methods:

  • Review of amphiphile self-assembly and phase separation in polymer-surfactant solutions.
  • Analysis of vesicle formation, properties, and stability across various surfactant systems (including catanionic vesicles).
  • In-depth examination of polymer-vesicle associative behavior, focusing on phase behavior, stability, and interaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Polymer-vesicle interactions lead to unique phase behaviors and rheological properties.
  • Vesicle composition and stability significantly influence macromolecule association.
  • DNA-vesicle interactions are particularly relevant for gene transfection applications.

Conclusions:

  • Polymer-vesicle systems represent an expanding field with significant scientific and applied potential.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing novel materials like advanced gels.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge and identifies future research directions.