[Response of respiratory exchange ratio (R) to sinusoidal work load in humans]

An examination was made of the response of respiratory exchange ratio (R), carbon dioxide output (VCO2) and oxygen uptake (VO2) to sinusoidal work load with periods (T) of 1-16 min in six healthy men to determine whether R response is sinusoidal. The influence of the ratio of the amplitude of VCO2 to that of VO2 and the phase lag between them on R response was also studied by computer simulation. The results and conclusions obtained are as follows: 1) With decrease in the period, the amplitudes of VO2 and VCO2 dropped exponentially, becoming least at T of 1 min (T = 1 min). In contrast, the amplitude of R was largest at T = 4 min and subsequently decreased progressively. 2) The peak amplitude of R at T = 4 min can be explained by the larger phase lag and relatively low of amplitude of VCO2 to VO2. 3) The smallest amplitude of R at T = 1 min was due not to the ratio of amplitude or phase lag, but to remarkably smaller amplitudes of VO2 and VCO2. 4) The phase lag of VO2 to sinusoidal work load was smaller than that of VCO2. Phase lag of R was considerably larger than that of VO2 or VCO2. 5) The response curve of VO2 and VCO2 is a sinusoidal curve with the same period as exercise. However, the response of R is not a real sinusoidal but a deformed biphasic curve with a high crest and low trough. The deformity is determined by the phase lag between VO2 and VCO2 response and also the ratio of amplitude of VCO2 to that of VO2.