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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
10:31

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Efficient squaraine-based solution processable bulk-heterojunction solar cells.

Fabio Silvestri1, Michael D Irwin, Luca Beverina

  • 1Department of Materials Science, Universita di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 53, 20125, Milano, Italy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new organic solar cells using squaraine/PCBM blends. These solution-processed devices achieved a high power conversion efficiency of 1.24%, demonstrating their potential for efficient solar energy conversion.

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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
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Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization
07:32

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
10:31

Developing High Performance GaP/Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

Published on: November 16, 2018

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer
08:29

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

Published on: January 10, 2017

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization
07:32

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Published on: January 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Organic electronics
  • Photovoltaics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells offer a promising avenue for low-cost renewable energy.
  • Small molecule-based systems are actively researched for their potential in solution-processed devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first fabrication of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells utilizing squaraine/PCBM blends.
  • To evaluate the performance of these novel solar cell configurations.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells using squaraine/PCBM blends.
  • Solution processing of the active layer in ambient air conditions.
  • Characterization of device performance, including current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor, and power conversion efficiency (PCE).

Main Results:

  • The fabricated organic solar cells are based on squaraine/PCBM blends, a novel material combination for this application.
  • The most efficient device, processed in air, achieved a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 5.70 mA/cm², an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.62 V, and a fill factor of 0.35.
  • The power conversion efficiency (PCE) reached 1.24%, which is among the highest reported for small molecule solution-processed bulk-heterojunction solar cells.

Conclusions:

  • Squaraine/PCBM blends represent a viable and effective material system for organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
  • Solution processing in air is a feasible method for fabricating efficient small molecule organic solar cells.
  • The achieved efficiency highlights the potential of this approach for developing next-generation photovoltaic technologies.