Acanthosis nigricans: a practical approach to evaluation and management

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Acanthosis nigricans is a skin condition with characteristic thickened, hyperpigmented plaques.
• Its prevalence varies significantly across different racial and ethnic groups.
• The condition often indicates underlying systemic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathogenesis of acanthosis nigricans.
• To discuss the clinical implications and diagnostic significance of acanthosis nigricans.
• To outline current management strategies for acanthosis nigricans.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on acanthosis nigricans.
• Synthesis of information on the condition's causes, presentation, and associations.
• Analysis of clinical guidelines and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

• Acanthosis nigricans is associated with various endocrinopathies, including insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.
• It can also be a sign of malignancy, particularly gastric adenocarcinoma.
• The characteristic skin changes typically appear on intertriginous areas and the neck.

Conclusions:

• Clinicians must be aware of acanthosis nigricans as a potential marker for serious underlying conditions.
• Prompt recognition and investigation are essential for timely diagnosis and management.
• Further research into the specific mechanisms and targeted therapies is warranted.