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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Cardiac cachexia: a systematic overview.

Stephan von Haehling1, Mitja Lainscak, Jochen Springer

  • 1Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany. stephan.von.haehling@web.de

Pharmacology & Therapeutics
|December 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac cachexia, a severe stage of chronic heart failure, involves complex immune, metabolic, and hormonal changes. This review details its pathophysiology and explores nutritional and pharmacological treatments for this condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia
08:55

The Colon-26 Carcinoma Tumor-bearing Mouse as a Model for the Study of Cancer Cachexia

Published on: November 30, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Medicine
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Cardiac cachexia is a critical, terminal stage of chronic heart failure with a poor prognosis.
  • The precise definition and understanding of cardiac cachexia remain subjects of ongoing debate.
  • It is characterized by significant involuntary weight loss and muscle wasting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of cardiac cachexia.
  • To explore the complex pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia and chronic heart failure.
  • To discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on immunological, metabolic, and hormonal aspects.
  • Analysis of intracellular and extracellular regulatory mechanisms.
  • Examination of feeding regulation, nutritional interventions, and therapeutic drug classes.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac cachexia involves intricate immune, metabolic, and hormonal dysregulation, affecting intracellular and extracellular pathways.
  • Key regulators include neuropeptide Y, leptin, melanocortins, ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin.
  • Mechanisms of wasting across different body compartments are elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments for cardiac cachexia.
  • Nutritional support and appetite stimulants are important therapeutic considerations.
  • Various drug classes, including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and anti-inflammatory agents, show potential therapeutic value.