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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
Drugs in...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction01:23

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction

Oral drug delivery is the most common route of administration due to its convenience, cost-effectiveness, and high patient compliance. It enables precise formulation to ensure proper drug dosage and bioavailability. The development of oral dosage forms considers drug properties such as solubility, stability, and absorption to optimize therapeutic efficacy.Tablets, capsules, liquids, and chewable formulations enhance drug stability, mask undesirable tastes, and improve patient experience.
Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types01:27

Drug Delivery Systems: Different Types

Conventional oral drug products, termed immediate-release (IR) formulations, are engineered to promptly release their active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) upon ingestion, typically in tablets or capsules. This rapid release often results in swift drug absorption and consequent pharmacodynamic effects, although the timing and intensity can vary depending on the drug's properties. Prodrugs within these formulations require metabolic conversion to activate their pharmacodynamic effects,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland
07:45

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

Published on: May 3, 2018

Sublingual drug delivery.

Tarun Goswami1, Bhaskara Jasti, Xiaoling Li

  • 1Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.

Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems
|December 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The sublingual route offers rapid systemic drug delivery, bypassing first-pass metabolism. This review explores its anatomy, transport, and enhancement strategies for effective drug administration.

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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland
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Retroductal Nanoparticle Injection to the Murine Submandibular Gland

Published on: May 3, 2018

Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections

Published on: August 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • The sublingual route is an established method for systemic drug administration.
  • It bypasses hepatic first-pass metabolism, enabling rapid systemic circulation.
  • Various agents like cardiovascular drugs, analgesics, and peptides have been explored for sublingual delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the sublingual route for drug delivery.
  • To discuss anatomical, physiological, and biochemical aspects relevant to sublingual absorption.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing drug permeation and evaluate existing models and clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical structure, blood supply, and biochemical composition of the sublingual mucosa.
  • Analysis of drug transport pathways and permeation enhancement strategies.
  • Examination of in vitro/in vivo models and clinical investigations.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of the sublingual route's anatomical and physiological characteristics.
  • Identification of various drug transport mechanisms across the sublingual mucosa.
  • Overview of strategies to improve drug permeation, including formulation approaches.
  • Summary of findings from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • The sublingual route is a viable and efficient pathway for systemic drug delivery.
  • Understanding the sublingual mucosa's properties is crucial for optimizing drug delivery.
  • Further research into permeation enhancement and clinical applications can expand its therapeutic potential.