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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
07:22

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

Rotator cuff tendon strain correlates with tear propagation.

Nelly Andarawis-Puri1, Eric T Ricchetti, Louis J Soslowsky

  • 1McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, 424 Stemmler Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6081, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Rotator cuff tears can be predicted to grow larger by measuring tendon strain. This study found that strain levels directly correlate with tear size and propagation direction, offering insights for clinical treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
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A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears
06:41

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics of tendon injuries
  • Musculoskeletal tissue mechanics
  • Orthopedic research

Background:

  • Rotator cuff tears are prevalent tendon injuries necessitating surgical intervention.
  • Predicting rotator cuff tear propagation is crucial for effective clinical management.
  • Existing research lacks explicit investigation into strain-tear size relationships.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify 2D strain fields near rotator cuff tears under load-to-failure conditions.
  • To determine the relationship between tendon strain and rotator cuff tear size.
  • To assess strain as a predictor of tear propagation risk and direction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized sheep infraspinatus tendons for experimental analysis.
  • Applied controlled loading to induce failure and observe tear propagation.
  • Quantified two-dimensional principal strain fields adjacent to induced tears.
  • Correlated strain measurements with tear size and propagation characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Principal strains showed a linear correlation with tear propagation.
  • Tear propagation initiated at strains as low as 1.7%.
  • Tears propagated towards the direction of highest maximum and lowest minimum principal strain.
  • Larger tears exhibited higher maximum and lower minimum principal strains adjacent to the tear compared to smaller tears.

Conclusions:

  • Local strain adjacent to rotator cuff tears serves as a valid indicator for tear propagation risk.
  • Strain measurements can predict the direction of rotator cuff tear propagation.
  • Findings support the use of strain analysis in guiding clinical treatment decisions for rotator cuff injuries.