Characterization and cytocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan bone cement with the addition of calcium salts

In the present study, a calcium carbonate and calcium oxide loaded nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan bone cement was developed and its in vitro cell responses were investigated. The physico-chemical properties were represented in terms of setting time, compressive strength, and wettability. The results show that the setting time is about 15 min, the compressive strength is up to 17.80 +/- 0.45 MPa throughout the immersion period, and the static contact angle of the cement against water is 33.5 degrees +/- 2.7 degrees, indicating that the cement has good setting time, compressive strength, and wettability. Cytocompatibility test using human MG63 cells reveals a favorable cell viability and increased proliferation over a period of 11 days in culture. The composition and hydrophilic nature of the cement provide a friendly environment for the attachment and growth of cells. The novel composite bone cement could be useful in moderate stress-bearing applications of bone repair.