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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases01:26

Receptor Tyrosine Kinases

Receptor tyrosine kinases or RTKs are membrane-bound receptors that phosphorylate specific tyrosine on protein substrates. RTKs regulate cellular growth, differentiation, survival, and migration. They contain an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain, and a cytosolic tail with intrinsic kinase activity. Several extracellular signaling molecules activate RTKs in one or more ways and relay the signal downstream. Ligands such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or...
Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR activation may...

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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens
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Using X-ray Crystallography, Biophysics, and Functional Assays to Determine the Mechanisms Governing T-cell Receptor Recognition of Cancer Antigens

Published on: February 6, 2017

T-cell receptor.

Jose M Rojo1, Raquel Bello, Pilar Portolés

  • 1Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. jmrojo@cib.csic.es

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The T-cell receptor (TCR/CD3) complex structure is key to T lymphocyte function, enabling antigen recognition and signaling. Recent data refine our understanding of TCR/CD3 interactions and their role in T-cell responses.

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain
08:48

Generating De Novo Antigen-specific Human T Cell Receptors by Retroviral Transduction of Centric Hemichain

Published on: October 25, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The T-cell receptor (TCR/CD3) complex is crucial for T lymphocyte identity and function.
  • It mediates antigen recognition and initiates signaling cascades essential for immune responses and T-cell differentiation.
  • Understanding the TCR/CD3 complex's structure is vital for comprehending T-cell activation, selection, and immune pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the structural basis of TCR/CD3 complex function.
  • To integrate new data on TCR/antigen complexes, CD3 polypeptides, and inter-subunit interactions.
  • To propose a refined model for TCR/CD3 function based on current structural knowledge.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on TCR/CD3 complex structure and function.
  • Analysis of data concerning TCR/antigen complexes and CD3 polypeptide interactions.
  • Synthesis of stoichiometric and interaction data to model TCR/CD3 function.

Main Results:

  • Accumulation of significant new data on the structure of TCR/antigen complexes and CD3 polypeptides.
  • Detailed insights into the stoichiometry and inter-subunit interactions within the TCR/CD3 complex.
  • Emergence of a more comprehensive understanding of how structural arrangements dictate TCR/CD3 function.

Conclusions:

  • The precise structure and subunit interactions of the TCR/CD3 complex are fundamental to its dual roles in antigen recognition and signal transduction.
  • New structural data provide a clearer picture of how ligand binding translates into T-cell activation, differentiation, and immune responses.
  • A refined model integrating recent findings enhances our comprehension of TCR/CD3 complex mechanisms in health and disease, including autoimmunity and alloreactivity.