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Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

Serial triggering model.

Jacob Rachmilewitz¹

¹Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, P.O.B. 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel. rjacob@hadassah.org.il

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

|December 11, 2008

Summary

T-cell activation requires sustained signaling, achieved through serial triggering of multiple T-cell receptors (TCRs) by peptide-MHC complexes. This model explains how T-cells count signals to reach activation thresholds.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular signaling

Background:

T-cells recognize foreign antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) via T-cell receptors (TCRs) interacting with peptide-MHC complexes.
T-cell activation involves forming an immune synapse and initiating signal transduction cascades, requiring sustained signaling for several hours.
TCRs have low affinity, and initial triggering produces only brief intracellular signals, posing a paradox for sustained T-cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the serial triggering model of T-cell activation.
To discuss models that expand upon serial triggering.
To explore how T-cells quantify serially triggered receptors and determine activation thresholds.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on T-cell activation models.

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Analysis of kinetic aspects of T-cell receptor engagement and signaling.

Discussion of T-cell signal integration and threshold determination.

Main Results:

The serial triggering model proposes sustained T-cell signaling through sequential engagement of multiple TCRs.
This model resolves the paradox of low TCR affinity and the need for prolonged activation signals.
Further models expand on this, addressing how T-cells count signals over time.

Conclusions:

Sustained T-cell activation relies on the kinetic properties of TCR-peptide:MHC interactions.
The serial triggering model and its extensions provide a framework for understanding T-cell signal integration.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for deciphering T-cell responses.