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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
11:30

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

Published on: July 25, 2025

[Lumbar total disc replacement].

D Grob1

  • 1Wirbelsäulenzentrum Schulthess Klinik, Zürich, Schweiz. dieter.grob@kws.ch

Der Orthopade
|December 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Total disc replacement (TDR) offers an alternative to spinal fusion for low back pain. While promising for mobility and pain relief, long-term data is still needed to confirm TDR

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Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
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Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
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Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability

Published on: July 25, 2025

Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy
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Full-Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for Lumbar Discectomy

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • Traditional lumbar spinal fusion can cause adjacent segment disease.
  • Total disc replacement (TDR) aims to preserve motion and alleviate pain.
  • Degenerative disc disease is a primary indication for TDR.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate total disc replacement as an alternative to spinal fusion.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods for identifying degenerative disc disease.
  • To compare short- and mid-term outcomes of TDR versus fusion.

Summary:

  • Total disc replacement (TDR) utilizes flexible prostheses for degenerative disc disease, aiming to prevent adjacent segment issues associated with fusion.
  • Accurate diagnosis, including discography, imaging, and clinical assessment, is crucial for appropriate TDR indication.
  • While long-term superiority is unproven, short- to mid-term data suggest comparable outcomes between TDR and fusion when indicated.

Impact:

  • Provides insights into the evolving field of motion-sparing spinal surgery.
  • Highlights the importance of accurate diagnostics in patient selection for spinal procedures.
  • Informs clinical decision-making regarding surgical options for low back pain.