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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...
Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.Fatty acids tails of phospholipids can be either saturated or...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

Polymerized lipid bilayers on a solid substrate: morphologies and obstruction of lateral diffusion.

Takashi Okazaki1, Takehiko Inaba, Yoshiro Tatsu

  • 1Research Institute for Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ikeda 563-8577, Japan.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers quantitatively studied polymeric and fluid lipid bilayers, finding that UV light controls domain size and affects molecular diffusion. This work enables the creation of advanced model membranes mimicking biological complexity.

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Published on: July 19, 2022

Automated Lipid Bilayer Membrane Formation Using a Polydimethylsiloxane Thin Film
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10:34

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer

Published on: April 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • Substrate-supported planar lipid bilayers (SPBs) are crucial models for biological membranes in research and medicine.
  • Previous work established a method for creating SPBs using photopolymerizable diacetylene phospholipids (DiynePC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively investigate the morphology of polymerized DiynePC bilayer domains.
  • To assess how these domains impede the lateral diffusion of membrane-associated molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized photolithography to create micropatterned polymeric bilayers.
  • Employed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to observe domain morphology.
  • Applied Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to measure lipid diffusion coefficients.

Main Results:

  • Polymerized DiynePC bilayers formed nanometer-sized domains.
  • The ratio of polymeric to fluid domains was precisely controlled by UV irradiation dose.
  • Lipid diffusion rates in fluid domains correlated inversely with the coverage of polymeric domains.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides quantitative insights into the structure-property relationships of patterned lipid bilayers.
  • Controlled modulation of domain formation and lipid mobility is achievable.
  • These findings facilitate the engineering of biomimetic membranes with tailored properties for advanced applications.