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Candidiasis01:20

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Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
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Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sj&#246;gren&#39;s Syndrome Patients
05:26

Examination of Oral Candida Infection in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients

Published on: March 1, 2024

[Candidiasis].

Yoshifumi Imamura1, Koichi Izumikawa, Shigeru Kohno

  • 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases superficial candidiasis risk, but not invasive candidiasis. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, lab results, and Candida isolation, with specific antifungal treatments recommended.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) is often linked to increased susceptibility to fungal infections.
  • The relationship between DM and superficial candidiasis, particularly oral candidiasis, is well-established, especially with poor glycemic control.
  • However, the association between DM and invasive candidiasis requires further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate the impact of diabetes mellitus on superficial versus invasive candidiasis.
  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for invasive candidiasis.
  • To review current treatment strategies and recommended antifungal agents for invasive candidiasis based on Japanese guidelines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical guidelines concerning candidiasis in diabetic patients.
  • Analysis of diagnostic approaches for invasive candidiasis, integrating clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data.
  • Examination of treatment paradigms including prophylactic, empiric, and targeted antifungal therapies.

Main Results:

  • Poor glycemic control in diabetes mellitus correlates with an elevated risk of superficial candidiasis.
  • Invasive candidiasis is not found to be directly related to the presence or control of diabetes mellitus.
  • Diagnosis of invasive candidiasis relies on a comprehensive assessment of clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and isolation of Candida species.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for superficial candidiasis but not invasive candidiasis.
  • Effective management of invasive candidiasis necessitates a multi-faceted diagnostic approach.
  • First-line treatments include micafungin (MCFG), fluconazole (FLCZ), and amphotericin B (AMPH-B), with alternatives like liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), voriconazole (VRCZ), and itraconazole (ITCZ) available.