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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

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Related Experiment Video

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A Soluble Tetrazolium-Based Reduction Assay to Evaluate the Effect of Antibodies on Candida tropicalis Biofilms
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[Oral antifungal agents].

Norihito Tarumoto1, Shigefumi Maesaki

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Saitama Medical University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Oral antifungal agents like fluconazole are crucial for treating deep fungal infections in Japan. Monitoring drug levels is essential for efficacy and safety, particularly in diabetic patients on multiple medications.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Context:

  • Oral antifungal agents available in Japan include amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole.
  • Current treatment practices refer to various guidelines, such as the Japanese "Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Deep-Seated Mycosis 2007" and IDSA guidelines.
  • Emerging research highlights the correlation between serum concentrations of antifungal agents and their clinical effectiveness and potential side effects.

Purpose:

  • To emphasize the importance of understanding the characteristics, spectrum of activity, and side effect profiles of oral antifungal agents.
  • To underscore the need for dose adjustments based on renal function and potential drug-drug interactions.
  • To provide guidance on managing deep-seated mycoses, particularly in specific patient populations.

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Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
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Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

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A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms
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A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Soluble Tetrazolium-Based Reduction Assay to Evaluate the Effect of Antibodies on Candida tropicalis Biofilms
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A Soluble Tetrazolium-Based Reduction Assay to Evaluate the Effect of Antibodies on Candida tropicalis Biofilms

Published on: September 16, 2022

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

Published on: February 14, 2018

A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms
07:19

A 96 Well Microtiter Plate-based Method for Monitoring Formation and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Biofilms

Published on: October 21, 2010

Summary:

  • The effective management of deep-seated mycoses requires a comprehensive understanding of available oral antifungal agents in Japan.
  • Treatment decisions should be informed by established guidelines and emerging evidence on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Particular attention is needed for drug interactions, especially in diabetic patients concurrently using triazoles with calcium channel blockers or oral antidiabetic agents.

Impact:

  • Optimizing antifungal therapy through individualized treatment plans based on drug concentration monitoring.
  • Improving patient outcomes and minimizing adverse events associated with antifungal drug use.
  • Enhancing clinical practice by integrating new findings on antifungal agent efficacy and safety.