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Related Concept Videos

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
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Published on: August 9, 2022

Ethyl cellulose-based solid matrix system for sustaining release of naproxen.

Muhammad Khan Sarfraz1, Nisar-Ur-Rehman, Saeed Ahmed

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences : PJBS
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Developing sustained release naproxen tablets using Ethyl Cellulose (EC) proved challenging. Modified wet granulation improved drug release rates, showing promise for effective naproxen delivery systems.

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Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

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07:32

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Published on: August 28, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Naproxen is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
  • Developing sustained-release formulations aims to improve patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Ethyl Cellulose (EC) is a hydrophobic polymer often employed in controlled-release drug formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop sustained-release matrix tablets of naproxen.
  • To evaluate the impact of Ethyl Cellulose (EC) concentration on drug release.
  • To optimize the formulation and manufacturing process for desirable naproxen release profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Naproxen matrix tablets were formulated using varying proportions of Ethyl Cellulose (EC).
  • The wet granulation technique was employed for tablet preparation.
  • Drug release studies were conducted over a 12-hour period.
  • Modified wet granulation methods were explored to enhance release characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Initial formulations with EC showed very slow naproxen release rates, failing to meet desired profiles within 12 hours.
  • A modified wet granulation method resulted in comparatively linear and desirable naproxen release rates.
  • Stirring speeds and storage conditions did not significantly affect the release profiles of the naproxen matrix tablets.

Conclusions:

  • Ethyl Cellulose (EC) can be utilized in naproxen sustained-release matrix tablets.
  • Optimization of the wet granulation process is crucial for achieving desired drug release.
  • The developed naproxen matrix tablets demonstrate stability under varied stirring speeds and storage conditions.