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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

Overview of Skeletal Muscle

Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy00:55

Skeletal Muscle Anatomy

Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation
08:38

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Published on: March 19, 2013

Engineered skeletal muscle tissue networks with controllable architecture.

Weining Bian1, Nenad Bursac

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.

Biomaterials
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel micromolding technique to create large, functional skeletal muscle tissue. This biofabrication method enables dense, aligned, and differentiated muscle fibers for potential therapeutic applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation
08:38

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Published on: March 19, 2013

Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues
09:30

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Published on: February 18, 2021

Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs
13:43

Fabrication of Myogenic Engineered Tissue Constructs

Published on: May 1, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Functional skeletal muscle tissue substitutes are crucial for treating muscle diseases and injuries.
  • Current tissue fabrication technologies struggle to produce large, thick bioartificial muscles with uniform, aligned, and differentiated myofibers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile cell/hydrogel micromolding approach for fabricating large-scale skeletal muscle tissue networks.
  • To achieve reproducible and controllable architecture in bioartificial muscles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds with elongated posts for microfabrication.
  • Combined cell-mediated fibrin gel compaction with precise control of mold dimensions (post length and height).
  • Manipulated spatial distribution and direction of PDMS posts to create complex muscle architectures.

Main Results:

  • Fabricated large neonatal rat skeletal muscle tissue networks with reproducible and controllable architecture.
  • Achieved high cell viability, guided cell alignment, and controlled tissue porosity, size, and thickness.
  • Formed interconnected muscle bundles with densely packed, aligned, and highly differentiated myofibers expressing myogenin, exhibiting cross-striations and spontaneous contractions.
  • Demonstrated reduced proliferation of non-muscle cells compared to monolayer cultures.

Conclusions:

  • The cell/hydrogel micromolding approach is effective for generating large, architecturally controlled skeletal muscle tissue.
  • This technique supports myogenesis, myofiber maturation, and functional tissue-level contraction.
  • The method offers a promising platform for developing bioartificial muscles for therapeutic applications.