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Related Concept Videos

Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
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Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
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Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Published on: February 23, 2014

Hypoglycemia associated with bacteremic pneumococcal infections.

I-Shiow Jan1, Tzu-Hsiu Tsai, Jong-Min Chen

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) affects 8.6% of pneumococcal bacteremia cases, often linked to severe disease and high mortality. Early glucose monitoring is crucial for patients with suspected septicemia.

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Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Bacteremic pneumococcal infections can lead to severe complications.
  • Hypoglycemia is a potential, yet often overlooked, complication in sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypoglycemia in pneumococcal bacteremia.
  • To identify associated clinical presentations and serotypes.
  • To assess the mortality associated with hypoglycemia in these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 70 episodes of pneumococcal bacteremia from 2004-2005.
  • Evaluation of plasma glucose levels in affected patients.
  • Identification of bacterial serotypes from isolates.

Main Results:

  • Hypoglycemia (plasma glucose < 3.05 mmol/l) was observed in 8.6% of cases.
  • Affected patients included children and adults with severe underlying conditions.
  • High mortality was noted, with one child and all adult patients dying.
  • Serotypes 6B, 19F, 3, 14, and 23F were identified, commonly associated with severe disease.

Conclusions:

  • Hypoglycemia is a significant complication of pneumococcal bacteremia, associated with severe invasive serotypes and high mortality.
  • Prompt glucose monitoring is recommended for all patients with suspected septicemia to prevent adverse outcomes.