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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
Alternative RNA Splicing02:18

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...

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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Long intronic noncoding RNA transcription: expression noise or expression choice?

Rodrigo Louro1, Anna S Smirnova, Sergio Verjovski-Almeida

  • 1Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Genomics
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Summary

Long intronic non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a newly recognized major class of human transcripts. This review explores their expression, evolution, biogenesis, and function, highlighting their regulatory roles in eukaryotic cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) constitute the majority of human transcripts.
  • While the regulatory roles of many ncRNA classes are known, long intronic ncRNAs remain understudied.
  • Recent findings indicate that intronic regions are significant sources of regulatory ncRNAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of the intronic ncRNA landscape.
  • To focus specifically on the emerging field of long intronic ncRNAs.
  • To summarize current knowledge on their expression, evolution, biogenesis, and response to stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on intronic ncRNAs.
  • Analysis of expression patterns and evolutionary constraints.
  • Discussion of biogenesis pathways and physiological responsiveness.
  • Postulation of potential mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Intronic regions are increasingly recognized as crucial sources of regulatory ncRNAs.
  • Long intronic ncRNAs exhibit diverse expression patterns and evolutionary constraints.
  • Their biogenesis and responsiveness to stimuli are key areas of ongoing research.
  • Emerging evidence suggests complex regulatory roles in eukaryotic cells.

Conclusions:

  • Long intronic ncRNAs represent a significant, yet underexplored, component of the regulatory ncRNA repertoire.
  • Further research into their mechanisms of action will illuminate the RNA-based regulatory layer in eukaryotes.
  • Understanding these molecules is essential for a comprehensive view of gene regulation.