Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
08:01
Tuning a Parallel Segmented Flow Column and Enabling Multiplexed Detection
Published on: December 15, 2015
A monosegmented-flow Karl Fischer titrator
Emerson Vidal de Aquino1, Jarbas José Rodrigues Rohwedder, Celio Pasquini
1Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, CEP 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Talanta
|December 17, 2008
Summary
A novel monosegmented volumetric Karl Fischer titrator automates water content determination in organic solvents. This accurate, precise, and rapid system minimizes reagent use and environmental moisture interference.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Electrochemistry
Background:
- Accurate determination of water content in organic solvents is crucial for various industrial and research applications.
- Traditional Karl Fischer titration methods can be time-consuming and require careful handling to avoid moisture contamination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate a novel monosegmented volumetric Karl Fischer titrator for automated water content determination.
- To assess the system's accuracy, precision, speed, and reagent efficiency compared to existing methods.
Main Methods:
- A monosegmented flow-batch system utilizing biamperometry for titration monitoring.
- Automated sample handling with volumes from 40-300 μL and automatic dilution for concentrated samples.
- Evaluation using ethanol and methanol samples with water content ranging from 0.02-0.5% (w/w).
Main Results:
- The system demonstrated high accuracy and precision, independent of flow rate.
- It operates in a closed system, minimizing contact with ambient moisture and requiring no calibration.
- Titration completion in under 5 minutes with Karl Fischer reagent consumption not exceeding 100 μL.
- Results were comparable to a larger commercial system for water determination in ethanol and methanol.
Conclusions:
- The monosegmented volumetric Karl Fischer titrator offers a rapid, accurate, and efficient method for water content analysis.
- The automated, closed-system design enhances reliability and minimizes operator-induced errors.
- This technology presents a viable alternative to conventional Karl Fischer titration systems.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods
In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
01:01Classification of Titrimetric Analysis Based on Reaction Types
Titrimetric analysis in solution chemistry involves measuring the volume of solutions and is often called volumetric analysis. The standard solution of known concentration in the burette is called the titrant, whereas the solution of unknown concentration in the flask is called the analyte, or titrand. Titrimetric analyses can be classified into four types based on the reactions between the titrant and analyte.
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
Titrations between an acid and a base lead to neutralization reactions that form...
01:23Flow Cytometry
The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
In...
01:08Titrimetric Methods: Types and Commonly Used Strategies
In chemistry, titrimetric methods are broadly classified into three types: volumetric, gravimetric, and coulometric. Volumetric titrations involve measuring the volume of a titrant of known concentration that is required to react completely with an analyte. In gravimetric titrations, the standard solution reacts with the analyte to form an insoluble precipitate, which is filtered, dried, and weighed. In coulometric titrations, current is applied to an electrochemical reaction until the reaction...
02:23Acid-Base Titration Curves
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100...
For a titration carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100...
01:27Fast Reactions
Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...