Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are illustrated in Figure...
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Identification of a mechanism-based binding mode for a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Comparative insights into the dermal absorption, distribution, and elimination of conventional and nano formulations of tebuconazole in rats.

Pest management science·2026
Same author

Nanopesticides by Design: A Review of Delivery Platforms, Environmental Fate, and Standards for Safe and Sustainable Crop Protection.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Fe-Incorporated Co <sub><b>3</b></sub> O <sub><b>4</b></sub> Microsheets for Oxygen Evolution at High Current Densities in All-Platinum-Group-Metal-Free Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers.

ACS applied energy materials·2026
Same author

Correction: Gao, H.; Yu, Q. Research on Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation Strategy Based on MADDPG for Integrated Space-Air-Marine Network. <i>Entropy</i> 2025, <i>27</i>, 803.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Ketones via Friedel-Crafts Acylation.

The Journal of organic chemistry·2025
Same journal

Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Tetracyclic Diterpenoid (±)-Papililone A and (-)-Papililone A.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Light-Powered Atroposelective Ratcheting via Excited-State Donor-Acceptor Interactions.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Modular One-Pot Access to π-Expanded Tetrakis(Phenothiazinyl)-Silanes With Broadly Tunable Redox and Emission Properties.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

pH-Tolerant Tripeptide Coacervates as Biomimetic Catalytic Microreactors.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Nano-Nickel Pinned Defective MoS<sub>2</sub> Heterostructures via Ball Milling for Improved Hydrogen Evolution.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same journal

Hollow NiCo-LDH Nanocage Derived From ZIF-67 as an Efficient Catalyst for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers
11:58

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Published on: May 13, 2013

Highly dense nitranilates-containing nitrogen-rich cations.

Yangen Huang1, Haixiang Gao, Brendan Twamley

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, USA.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New high-density energetic salts were synthesized using nitrogen-rich cations and the nitranilate anion. These compounds exhibit high thermal stability and promising performance for energetic materials.

More Related Videos

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers
11:58

Synthesis and Functionalization of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanotube Cups with Gold Nanoparticles as Cork Stoppers

Published on: May 13, 2013

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials
09:05

Supercritical Nitrogen Processing for the Purification of Reactive Porous Materials

Published on: May 15, 2015

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II
07:31

Nitropeptide Profiling and Identification Illustrated by Angiotensin II

Published on: June 16, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Energetic Materials Science
  • Synthetic Chemistry
  • Materials Characterization

Background:

  • Nitrogen-rich energetic salts are crucial for developing advanced energetic materials.
  • The nitranilate anion offers potential for high-density salt formation due to its symmetry and oxygen content.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel high-density energetic salts incorporating the nitranilate anion.
  • To evaluate the thermal stability and energetic performance of these new compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Metathesis reactions were employed for the synthesis of energetic salts.
  • Comprehensive characterization included elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectroscopy, DSC, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Theoretical performance calculations were performed using Gaussian 03 and Cheetah 5.0.

Main Results:

  • High yields of nitrogen-rich energetic salts with the nitranilate anion were successfully synthesized.
  • The compounds demonstrated high densities, low water solubilities, and high thermal stabilities (decomposition temperatures > 200 °C).
  • Calculated detonation pressures ranged from 17.5 GPa to 31.7 GPa, and detonation velocities ranged from 7022 m/s to 8638 m/s.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized nitranilate salts possess desirable properties for energetic materials, including high density and thermal stability.
  • The structural features of the nitranilate anion contribute to the observed high performance characteristics.
  • These findings highlight the potential of nitranilate-based salts for future energetic applications.