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Bioactive scaffolds mimicking natural dentin structure.

A Vallés Lluch1, A Campillo Fernández, G Gallego Ferrer

  • 1Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain. avalles@ter.upv.es

Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B, Applied Biomaterials
|December 17, 2008
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New organic scaffolds with aligned tubular pores mimic natural dentin. Silica addition enhances mechanical properties and bioactivity, promoting apatite precipitation for potential in vivo dentin regeneration.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Materials Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Natural dentin's complex hierarchical structure and mechanical properties present a challenge for synthetic biomaterials.
  • Developing biomimetic scaffolds is crucial for effective dentin regeneration and integration with host tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize organic-inorganic hybrid scaffolds with aligned tubular pores mimicking natural dentin.
  • To investigate the effect of silica incorporation on the structural, mechanical, and bioactivity properties of the scaffolds.
  • To evaluate the potential of these scaffolds for in vitro apatite formation and future in vivo applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of poly(ethyl methacrylate-co-hydroxyethyl acrylate) [P(EMA-co-HEA)] scaffolds with varying silica (SiO2) content using a fiber-templating method.
  • Characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Archimedes' method, and mechanical testing (tensile and compressive).
  • Bioactivity assessment via immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) and subsequent analysis using SEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and compression assays.

Main Results:

  • Scaffolds with aligned tubular pores mimicking dentin's microstructure were successfully synthesized.
  • Silica incorporation above 10 wt % significantly enhanced mechanical properties by restricting polymer chain mobility.
  • Scaffolds with 15 wt % silica demonstrated in vitro bioactivity, inducing apatite precipitation upon SBF immersion.

Conclusions:

  • The developed tubular porous P(EMA-co-HEA)/SiO2 scaffolds effectively mimic natural dentin's structure and properties.
  • Enhanced mechanical strength and in vitro bioactivity make these scaffolds promising for dentin regeneration.
  • These biomimetic scaffolds are expected to promote host tissue integration and stimulate cell growth for guided in vivo regeneration.