A simple approach for fabrication of dual-disk electrodes with a nanometer-radius electrode and a micrometer-radius...

We developed a new simple approach to fabricate dual-disk electrodes with a nanometer-radius electrode and a micrometer-radius electrode. First, nanometer-sized electrodes and micrometer-sized electrodes were constructed using 10-mum-radius metal wires, respectively. To fabricate the nanometer-sized electrode, after the apex of the 10-mum-radius metal wire was electrochemically etched to an ultrafine point with a nanometer-radius, the metal wire was electrochemically coated with a phenol-allyphenol copolymer film. The micrometer-sized electrode was fabricated by directly electrochemical coating the metal wire with an extremely thin phenol-allyphenol copolymer film. Then, the nanometer-radius electrode (the first electrode) and the 10-mum-radius electrode (the second electrode) were inserted into two sides of a thick-septum borosilicate theta (theta) tubing, respectively. The second electrode protruded from the top of the theta tubing. The top of the theta tubing was sealed with insulating ethyl alpha-cyanoacrylate. The top of the theta tubing with both electrodes was ground flat and polished successively with fine sandpaper and aluminum oxide powder until the tip of the first electrode was exposed. Since the second electrode protruded from the top of the theta tubing, its 10-mum-radius tip was naturally formed during polishing. The dual-disk electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The success rate for fabrication of the dual-disk electrodes is approximately 80% due to double insurance from two coating layers of different polymers.