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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...

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Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Published on: March 24, 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Sandra K Erickson¹

¹Department of Medicine, University of California, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA. sandra.kerickson@ucsf.edu

Journal of Lipid Research

|December 17, 2008

Summary

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread liver condition affecting millions globally. This review explores recent advancements in understanding NAFLD

Area of Science:

Hepatology and Gastroenterology
Public Health and Epidemiology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease globally, posing a significant public health challenge.
Prevalence estimates indicate approximately 20% in the general US population, rising to 75-92% in the morbidly obese and 13-14% in pediatric populations.
The progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), affects 3-5%, with a subset progressing to cirrhosis, increasing risks for end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent scientific advances in the understanding of the NAFLD disease spectrum.
To cover key aspects including etiology, diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and identified risk factors.
To propose future research directions for this critical area of liver disease.

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Main Methods:

This review synthesizes current scientific literature and recent research findings.
It focuses on epidemiological data, clinical observations, and etiological studies related to NAFLD.
The review incorporates information on genetic and environmental factors influencing disease progression.

Main Results:

NAFLD is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, contributing to increased all-cause and liver-related mortality.
The review highlights the growing burden of NAFLD and its progressive forms, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies.
Understanding of genetic and environmental influences on NAFLD pathogenesis is expanding.

Conclusions:

NAFLD represents a major global health concern with significant implications for morbidity and mortality.
Further research is essential to elucidate the complex etiology, improve diagnostic accuracy, and develop targeted treatments for NAFLD.
Addressing NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach, integrating clinical care, public health initiatives, and continued scientific investigation.