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Related Concept Videos

Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes01:10

Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug excretion involves various organs, including the liver, intestines, skin, and eyes. In the case of drugs or toxins, they can be actively secreted into bile by transporters in the hepatocyte's canalicular membrane. These substances enter the GI tract during digestion and may be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. This process, known as enterohepatic recycling, can significantly prolong the presence and effects of a substance in the body. To interrupt this cycle, specific substances...
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
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Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Drug Excretion: Pulmonary and Glandular Routes01:22

Drug Excretion: Pulmonary and Glandular Routes

Gaseous substances like general anesthetics are absorbed and excreted through the lungs via simple diffusion. This process depends on factors such as pulmonary blood flow, respiration rate, and the substance's solubility. Gaseous anesthetics like nitrous oxide with low blood solubility are excreted rapidly, while compounds like alcohol, with high blood and tissue solubility, are excreted slowly.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
19:15

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Methadone exposure during lactation.

Miguel Marcelo Glatstein1, Facundo Garcia-Bournissen, Yaron Finkelstein

  • 1Motherisk Team, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Breastfeeding is safe for infants when mothers use methadone for opioid dependence treatment. Methadone exposure through breast milk is minimal, and the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh potential risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Opioid dependence is a chronic condition requiring long-term management.
  • Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is a standard therapy for opioid use disorder.
  • Breastfeeding offers significant health benefits to infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the safety of breastfeeding for infants born to mothers undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.
  • To assess the level of methadone transfer into breast milk.
  • To provide guidance for healthcare providers regarding breastfeeding and MMT.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on methadone pharmacokinetics and infant exposure via lactation.
  • Analysis of existing studies on infant outcomes in relation to maternal MMT and breastfeeding.
  • Clinical case consultation.

Main Results:

  • Infant exposure to methadone through breast milk is consistently found to be minimal.
  • No significant adverse effects directly attributable to methadone in breast milk have been widely reported.
  • Breastfeeding is associated with numerous health advantages for the infant.

Conclusions:

  • Mothers on methadone maintenance treatment should be encouraged to breastfeed.
  • The benefits of breastfeeding for infant health and development are substantial and outweigh minimal methadone exposure risks.
  • Continued MMT and breastfeeding support maternal and infant well-being.