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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Intracellular Signaling Cascades01:24

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Paracrine Signaling

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Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
08:50

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 25, 2013

Eicosanoid signalling pathways in the heart.

Christopher M Jenkins1, Ari Cedars, Richard W Gross

  • 1Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Cardiovascular Research
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cardiac phospholipase A2beta (PLA2beta) releases arachidonic acid (AA) in the heart. This review explores how AA and its eicosanoid derivatives impact cardiac function during ischemia and heart failure.

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Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Prostaglandin Extraction and Analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats
10:28

Evaluation of Vascular Control Mechanisms Utilizing Video Microscopy of Isolated Resistance Arteries of Rats

Published on: December 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Cardiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Myocardial phospholipids are key sources of arachidonic acid (AA), released by phospholipases A2 (PLA2s).
  • Calcium-independent phospholipase A2beta (iPLA2beta) is a major cardiac PLA2, regulated by calcium and cellular energy.
  • Ischemia activates iPLA2beta, influencing cardiac signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of myocardial PLA2s in cardiac eicosanoid signaling.
  • To summarize eicosanoid generation pathways (COX, LOX, CYP) in the heart.
  • To discuss eicosanoid effects on cardiac hypertrophy, preconditioning, and arrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of myocardial PLA2s and eicosanoid signaling.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms of iPLA2beta.
  • Examination of eicosanoid-mediated effects on cardiac cellular processes.

Main Results:

  • iPLA2beta activation during ischemia involves fatty acyl-CoA, overriding Ca2+/CaM inhibition.
  • Released AA is a precursor for various eicosanoids via COX, LOX, and CYP pathways.
  • Eicosanoids mediate diverse cardiac responses, including inflammation, growth, and electrical instability.

Conclusions:

  • Myocardial PLA2s and eicosanoids play critical roles in cardiac pathophysiology.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for addressing ischemia and heart failure.
  • Eicosanoids influence maladaptive cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias.