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Related Concept Videos

Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Cohesins02:20

Cohesins

Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
Cohesin complexes in Meiotic Division
Meiosis involves two distinct rounds of chromosomal segregation and cell divisions— Meiosis I followed by Meiosis II – producing four daughter cells. Meiosis I includes the separation of homologous...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
Condensins02:15

Condensins

Condensins are large protein complexes that use ATP to fuel the assembly of chromosomes during mitosis. They transform the tangled, shapeless mass of post-interphase DNA into individualized chromosomes by compacting, organizing, and segregating chromosomal DNA.
The plant and animal cells contain two types of condensin complexes—condensin I and condensin II. Both complexes have five subunits: two SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) subunits, a kleisin subunit, and two HEAT-repeat...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
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Published on: July 26, 2024

A handcuff model for the cohesin complex.

Nenggang Zhang1, Sergey G Kuznetsov, Shyam K Sharan

  • 1Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The cohesin complex, vital for cell division, may function as a two-ring handcuff, not a single ring. This model explains cohesin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The cohesin complex is crucial for accurate sister chromatid separation during cell division.
  • Current models, like the one-ring embrace model, face limitations in explaining cohesin's dynamic functions.
  • Flexibility is needed for cohesin's roles in DNA replication, transcription, and repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protein-protein interactions among human cohesin subunits.
  • To determine a more accurate structural model for the cohesin complex.
  • To understand the mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion and chromosome segregation.

Main Methods:

  • Coimmunoprecipitation assays were employed to analyze protein interactions.
  • A protein fragment complement assay was utilized to study subunit interactions.
  • Yeast two-hybrid assays were performed to confirm protein-protein binding.

Main Results:

  • Analysis revealed self-interactions among three core human cohesin subunits: Smc1, Smc3, and Rad21.
  • These self-interactions were dependent on Scc3 (SA1/SA2).
  • The findings challenge the prevailing one-ring embrace model.

Conclusions:

  • Data support a novel two-ring handcuff model for the cohesin complex.
  • This model provides the necessary flexibility for cohesin's functions.
  • The two-ring model better explains sister chromatid cohesion and accurate chromosome segregation.