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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites
09:31

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Published on: March 22, 2016

Mechanisms governing lentivirus integration site selection.

Angela Ciuffi1

  • 1University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Angela.Ciuffi@chuv.ch

Current Gene Therapy
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Lentiviruses integrate their DNA into host genomes, a key step for replication and gene therapy. This integration is nonrandom, favoring active genes, and involves the LEDGF/p75 protein binding to viral integrase.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Gene Therapy

Background:

  • Retroviruses, including lentiviruses, integrate their DNA into host cell genomes for replication.
  • This integration is crucial for viral persistence and the development of retroviral vectors for gene therapy.
  • Integration site selection is nonrandom and specific to retrovirus type, with lentiviruses favoring active transcription units.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying lentiviral integration site selection.
  • To understand the role of host cell factors in guiding lentiviral integration.
  • To assess the implications of integration site preference for gene therapy safety.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of integration site preferences using human genome sequence data.

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Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models
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Lentiviral Vector Platform for the Efficient Delivery of Epigenome-editing Tools into Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Disease Models

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  • Investigation of proposed mechanisms including chromatin accessibility, cell cycle effects, and protein tethering.
  • Experimental validation of the role of LEDGF/p75 in lentiviral integration targeting.

    • Main Results:

    • Lentiviral integration is nonrandom, with a preference for active transcription units.
    • Evidence suggests a tethering mechanism involving host cell proteins influences integration site selection.
    • The cellular protein LEDGF/p75 is identified as a key player, recruiting lentiviral integrase to specific genomic locations.

    Conclusions:

    • Lentiviral integration targeting is mediated by specific host-வுகள் interactions, particularly the LEDGF/p75 protein.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving the safety and efficacy of lentiviral vectors in gene therapy.
    • Further research into integration site selection can mitigate risks associated with genotoxicity in gene therapy applications.