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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
09:41

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Published on: July 3, 2014

Proinflammatory gene polymorphisms and ischemic stroke.

Yoshiji Yamada1, Sahoko Ichihara, Tamotsu Nishida

  • 1Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan. yamada@gene.mie-u.ac.jp

Current Pharmaceutical Design
|December 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Identifying genetic biomarkers for stroke risk is crucial. This review focuses on proinflammatory genes and chromosomal region 9p21.3, highlighting their role in ischemic stroke susceptibility.

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Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
09:41

Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Published on: July 3, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally.
  • Genetic factors contribute to stroke susceptibility, but specific genes remain largely unidentified.
  • Vascular inflammation is a key mechanism in atherosclerosis and may play a role in ischemic stroke pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review candidate genes implicated in ischemic stroke through linkage and association studies.
  • To highlight the role of proinflammatory genes (LTA, IL6, ALOX5AP) and the 9p21.3 chromosomal region in ischemic stroke.
  • To provide insights into the function of these genes and the genetic factors influencing ischemic stroke development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of linkage analyses and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for stroke susceptibility genes.
  • Detailed examination of studies investigating polymorphisms in proinflammatory genes (LTA, IL6, ALOX5AP).
  • Analysis of research on the 9p21.3 chromosomal region as a stroke and coronary heart disease susceptibility locus.

Main Results:

  • Several candidate genes and loci have been implicated in ischemic stroke predisposition.
  • Polymorphisms in proinflammatory genes LTA, IL6, and ALOX5AP are associated with ischemic stroke risk.
  • The 9p21.3 chromosomal region is a significant susceptibility locus for both coronary heart disease and ischemic stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Proinflammatory genes and specific genetic loci like 9p21.3 are important in the genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke.
  • Further research into these genetic factors can enhance stroke risk prediction and inform therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of stroke is vital for developing effective preventative strategies.