Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Recombinant DNA

Recombinant DNA

Plasmids

Plasmids

Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...

DNA Bacteriophages

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Sharing an Example of Neurodiversity Affirmative Hiring.

Autism in adulthood·2026

Same author

A novel commensal <i>Neisseria</i> species harboring the gonococcal diagnostic marker DR-9 causes false-positive Roche cobas NAAT results.

Journal of clinical microbiology·2025

Same author

Efficient nonviral integration of large transgenes into human T cells using Cas9-CLIPT.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2025

Same author

Noninvasive Monitoring of Humoral Immune Responses in Men With Acute Chlamydia trachomatis Urethral Infection Using First-Catch Urine.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025

Same author

Audiology evaluation following intra-arterial carboplatin for retinoblastoma.

Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie·2024

Same author

Ultrafast mode-locked laser in nanophotonic lithium niobate.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2023

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings

Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings

Published on: February 29, 2016

Plasmid DNA manufacturing technology.

Aaron E Carnes¹, James A Williams

¹Nature Technology Corporation, Lincoln, NE 68521, USA. acarnes@natx.com

Recent Patents on Biotechnology

|December 17, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers plasmid manufacturing intellectual property and strategies for producing kilogram quantities of high-quality plasmid DNA for gene therapies and DNA vaccines.

More Related Videos

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Generation of Plasmid Vectors Expressing FLAG-tagged Proteins Under the Regulation of Human Elongation Factor-1α Promoter Using Gibson Assembly

Generation of Plasmid Vectors Expressing FLAG-tagged Proteins Under the Regulation of Human Elongation Factor-1α Promoter Using Gibson Assembly

Published on: February 9, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 27, 2026

Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings

Production of Double-stranded DNA Ministrings

Published on: February 29, 2016

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Generation of Plasmid Vectors Expressing FLAG-tagged Proteins Under the Regulation of Human Elongation Factor-1α Promoter Using Gibson Assembly

Generation of Plasmid Vectors Expressing FLAG-tagged Proteins Under the Regulation of Human Elongation Factor-1α Promoter Using Gibson Assembly

Published on: February 9, 2015

Area of Science:

Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Intellectual Property Law

Background:

Plasmid DNA is crucial for emerging gene medicines and DNA vaccines entering clinical trials.
The intellectual property landscape for plasmid manufacturing is complex and evolving.
Meeting stringent quality specifications for commercial plasmid products is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent patents and patent applications in plasmid manufacturing.
To provide a comprehensive overview of the plasmid manufacturing intellectual property landscape.
To outline strategies for efficient, large-scale production of quality plasmid DNA.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent patents and patent applications.
Analysis of intellectual property strategies in plasmid manufacturing.
Discussion of technologies for producing kilogram quantities of plasmid DNA.

Main Results:

Identified key patents and emerging trends in plasmid manufacturing technology.
Detailed the intellectual property considerations for plasmid DNA production.
Described scalable manufacturing strategies to meet regulatory standards.

Conclusions:

Efficient production of kilogram-scale plasmid DNA is achievable through strategic technology development or licensing.
Navigating the intellectual property landscape is critical for commercializing plasmid-based therapeutics.
Adherence to European and FDA quality specifications is paramount for market approval.